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yum
yum ：Yellow dog Updater modified
是Centos中前端软件管理器，基于RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包且安装，最大的特点就是能够解决软件包的依赖性。
软件包来源：
可以是通过网络共享服务器获取，也可以通过本地文件获取
通过ftp文件共享服务器获得ftp://
通过网络共享服务器获得http://
本地文件共享服务器获得file://
yum客户端配置文件：
/etc/yum.conf 提供仓库的配置
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo 指定仓库位置的配置文件，可以是多个*.repo结尾的文件
yum库指定文件详解
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| [extras]
#名称
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#描述可省去不用写
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
file:///mnt/cdrom
ftp://10.0.10.1/centos7/
#url地址，格式如上。也可以只设定一个地址。
gpgcheck=1
#gpg检查是否key，可以设置成0禁用
enabled=1
#默认是开启状态，可以不用添加
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#key地址
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下面我配置做一个本地光盘挂载的yum库
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| #将光盘进行挂载
vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0
df hT
#查看挂载状态
/dev/sr0 iso9660 7.3G 7.3G 0 100% /mnt/cdrom
#配置yum仓库，首先将目录下其他yum原文件备份到别处，新建一个新的.repo文件
[iyunv@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim bash.repo
[bash]
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[iyunv@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository 'bash' is missing name in configuration, using id
Cleaning repos: bash
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[iyunv@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository 'bash' is missing name in configuration, using id
bash | 3.6 kB 00:00
(1/2): bash/group_gz | 155 kB 00:00
(2/2): bash/primary_db | 5.3 MB 00:00
Determining fastest mirrors
repo id repo name status
bash bash 9,007
repolist: 9,007
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yum 命令
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
包管理
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| yum install package1 [package2] [....]
#安装程序包
yum reinstall package1
#重新安装
yum update|downgrade package1 [.....]
#升级|降级程序包
yum check-update
#检查可用升级
yum remove package1
yum repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
#显示仓库列表
yum list
#显示程序包
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包组管理
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| yum groupinstall group1
#安装包组
yum groupupdate group1
#升级安装包组
yum grouplist
#查看包组
yum groupremove group1
#删除包组
yum groupinfo group1
#查看组属性
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yum 命令行常用选项
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| --nogpgcheck 禁止进行 gpg check
-y 自动回答yes，取消交互式安装
-q 静默模式
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下面使用yum安装一个vsftp服务：
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| [iyunv@localhost cdrom]# yum info vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository 'bash' is missing name in configuration, using id
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Packages
Name : vsftpd
Arch : x86_64
Version : 3.0.2
Release : 10.el7
Size : 167 k
Repo : bash
Summary : Very Secure Ftp Daemon
URL : https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd.html
License : GPLv2 with exceptions
Description : vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from
: scratch.
[iyunv@localhost cdrom]# yum list |grep vsftpd
Repository 'bash' is missing name in configuration, using id
vsftpd.x86_64 3.0.2-10.el7 bash
vsftpd-sysvinit.x86_64 3.0.2-10.el7 bash
[iyunv@localhost cdrom]# yum install vsftpd.x86_64 -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository 'bash' is missing name in configuration, using id
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-10.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: logrotate for package: vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libwrap.so.0()(64bit) for package: vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package logrotate.x86_64 0:3.8.6-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package tcp_wrappers-libs.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================
Installing:
vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-10.el7 bash 167 k
Installing for dependencies:
logrotate x86_64 3.8.6-6.el7 bash 66 k
tcp_wrappers-libs x86_64 7.6-77.el7 bash 66 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 299 k
Installed size: 579 k
Downloading packages:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 636 kB/s | 299 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : tcp_wrappers-libs-7.6-77.el7.x86_64 1/3
Installing : logrotate-3.8.6-6.el7.x86_64 2/3
warning: /var/lib/logrotate.status created as /var/lib/logrotate.status.rpmnew
Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64 3/3
Verifying : logrotate-3.8.6-6.el7.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : tcp_wrappers-libs-7.6-77.el7.x86_64 3/3
Installed:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-10.el7
Dependency Installed:
logrotate.x86_64 0:3.8.6-6.el7 tcp_wrappers-libs.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7
Complete!
[iyunv@localhost cdrom]# yum info vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository 'bash' is missing name in configuration, using id
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Installed Packages
Name : vsftpd
Arch : x86_64
Version : 3.0.2
Release : 10.el7
Size : 347 k
Repo : installed
From repo : bash
Summary : Very Secure Ftp Daemon
URL : https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd.html
License : GPLv2 with exceptions
Description : vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from
: scratch.
[iyunv@localhost cdrom]# rpm -ql vsftpd
/etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd
/etc/pam.d/vsftpd
/etc/vsftpd
/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
/etc/vsftpd/user_list
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
/usr/lib/systemd/system-generators/vsftpd-generator
/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.target
/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd@.service
/usr/sbin/vsftpd
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/AUDIT
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/BENCHMARKS
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/BUGS
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/Changelog
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README.configuration
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.conf
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.xinetd
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README.configuration
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/vsftpd.conf
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README.configuration
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/hosts.allow
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/README
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_HOSTS
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_HOSTS/README
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README.configuration
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/logins.txt
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.conf
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.pam
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS_2
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS_2/README
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/FAQ
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/INSTALL
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/README
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/README.security
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/REWARD
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/DESIGN
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/IMPLEMENTATION
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/OVERVIEW
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/TRUST
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SIZE
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SPEED
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/TODO
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/TUNING
/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/vsftpd.xinetd
/usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz
/var/ftp
/var/ftp/pub
[iyunv@localhost cdrom]# ll /etc/vsftpd/
ftpusers vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf.rpmsave
user_list vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
[iyunv@localhost cdrom]# ll /etc/vsftpd/
total 24
-rw-------. 1 root root 125 Nov 21 2015 ftpusers
-rw-------. 1 root root 361 Nov 21 2015 user_list
-rw-------. 1 root root 5030 Nov 21 2015 vsftpd.conf
-rwxr--r--. 1 root root 338 Nov 21 2015 vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
-rw-------. 1 root root 1043 Aug 23 21:21 vsftpd.conf.rpmsave
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源码安装
源码报获取方式：
官方自建站点
例如tomcat站点
代码托管站点
www.SourceForge.net
www.Github.com
www.code.google.com
下图是sourceforge站点
开始准备编译安装一个apache软件
首先准备
编译安装准备：
提供开发工具及开发环境
开发工具：make, gcc等
开发环境：开发库，头文件
glibc：标准库
安装开发工具及开发环境
首先用yum安装开发环境包组
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| yum groupinstall Development Tools -y
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然后从apache官网下载源代码包
解压包
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| [iyunv@localhost testdir]# tar -jxvf httpd-2.2.31.tar.bz2
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正式安装
在安装前还要啰嗦几句
编译安装源代码包需要三部
第一步：执行configure脚本,该脚本位于程式源文件的主目录下
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| [iyunv@localhost httpd-2.2.31]# ./configure
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常用选项
./configure --help
--prefix=/PATH: 指定默认安装位置,默认为/usr/local/
--sysconfdir=/PATH：配置文件安装位置
该脚本将对系统进行扫描，确保程序所需的库文已存在，并做好文件路径及其他所需的设置工作。如果程式所需的库文件不完全，该设置脚本就会退出，并告诉你还需要哪些库文件或是哪些版本太旧需要更新。
第二步：编译
脚本执行完成没有报错后就是编译源代码了，在软件目录下执行make
第三步：安装
软件成功编译后，然后将他们安装到系统上。大部分程序的makefile文件中都会有一个用于安装的函数
启动程序
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| [iyunv@localhost bin]# netstat -ant
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6012 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 52 10.1.252.249:22 10.1.250.31:50337 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.1.252.249:22 10.1.250.31:61474 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6012 :::* LISTEN
[iyunv@localhost bin]# ./apachectl start
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName
[iyunv@localhost bin]# netstat -ant
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6012 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 52 10.1.252.249:22 10.1.250.31:50337 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.1.252.249:22 10.1.250.31:61474 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6012 :::* LISTEN
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