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准备：四台主机，其中两台为高可用节点，IP地址分别外172.16.86.4、172.16.86.5，两台为real server，IP地址分别为172.16.86.7、172.16.86.8 一、首先让两台高可用节点时间同步，然后下载安装包并安装。我们这里是老师准备好的，你们可以在网上自行下载。 节点1： [iyunv@node1 ~]# service ntpd stop [iyunv@node1 ~]# ntpdate 172.16.0.1 [iyunv@node1 ~]# date Thu May 16 11:01:39 CST 2013 [iyunv@node1 ~]# lftp 172.16.0.1 lftp 172.16.0.1:~> cd pub/Sources/keepalived/ lftp 172.16.0.1:/pub/Sources/keepalived> get get keepalived-1.2.7-5.el5.i386.rpm [iyunv@node1 ~]# yum -y --nogpgcheck localinstall keepalived-1.2.7-5.el5.i386.rpm [iyunv@node1 ~]# scp keepalived-1.2.7-5.el5.i386.rpm node2:/root/ 节点2： [iyunv@node2 ~]# service ntpd stop [iyunv@node2 ~]# ntpdate 172.16.0.1 [iyunv@node2 ~]# date Thu May 16 11:01:39 CST 2013 [iyunv@node2 ~]#yum -y --nogpgcheck localinstall keepalived-1.2.7-5.el5.i386.rpm 二、为两台real server提供web服务提供网页，并配置DR模型。 RS1： [iyunv@localhost ~]# yum install httpd -y [iyunv@localhost ~]#echo "RS1.magedu.com" > /var/www/html/index.html [iyunv@localhost ~]#echo 2 > proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce [iyunv@localhost ~]#echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_announce [iyunv@localhost ~]#echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore [iyunv@localhost ~]#echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_ignore [iyunv@localhost ~]# ifconfig lo:0 172.16.86.1 broadcast 172.16.86.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 up [iyunv@localhost ~]# route add -host 172.16.86.1 dev lo:0 [iyunv@localhost ~]# ifconfig
RS2： [iyunv@localhost ~]# yum install httpd -y [iyunv@localhost ~]#echo "RS2.magedu.com" > /var/www/html/index.html [iyunv@localhost ~]#echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce [iyunv@localhost ~]#echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_announce [iyunv@localhost ~]#echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore [iyunv@localhost ~]#echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_ignore [iyunv@localhost ~]# ifconfig lo:0 172.16.86.1 broadcast 172.16.86.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 up [iyunv@localhost ~]# route add -host 172.16.86.1 dev lo:0 [iyunv@localhost ~]# ifconfig
三、编辑两台高可用节点上keepalived的配置文件 节点1： [iyunv@node1 ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/ [iyunv@node1 keepalived]# ls keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.haproxy_example notify.sh [iyunv@node1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { root@localhost } notification_email_from root@localhost smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 101 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass password } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.86.1/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0 } } virtual_server 172.16.86.1 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR nat_mask 255.255.0.0 protocol TCP real_server 172.16.86.7 80 { weight 1 HTTP_GET { url { path / status_code 200 } connect_timeout 2 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 1 } } real_server 172.16.86.8 80 { weight 1 HTTP_GET { url { path / status_code 200 } connect_timeout 2 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 1 } } } [iyunv@node1 keepalived]# scp keepalived.conf node2:/etc/keepalived/ 节点2： [iyunv@node1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { root@localhost } notification_email_from root@localhost smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass password } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.86.1/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0 } } virtual_server 172.16.86.1 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR nat_mask 255.255.0.0 protocol TCP real_server 172.16.86.7 80 { weight 1 HTTP_GET { url { path / status_code 200 } connect_timeout 2 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 1 } } real_server 172.16.86.8 80 { weight 1 HTTP_GET { url { path / status_code 200 } connect_timeout 2 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 1 } } } 四、在两台高可用节点上启动keepalived服务，并安装ipvsadm工具 [iyunv@node1 ~]# service keepalived start [iyunv@node2 ~]# service keepalived start 如果节点1成为主的，那么节点1就会有IP地址
[iyunv@node1 ~]# yum install ipvsadm -y [iyunv@node2 ~]# yum install ipvsadm -y 查看生成的规则：
网页测试：
刷新网页：
测试：如果把RS2的web服务关掉 [iyunv@station51 ~]# service httpd stop Stopping httpd: [ OK ] 结果：
如果real server都出现故障，此时应该提供一个提示网页，所以要在这两台高可用节点上也安装web服务用来提供一个提示网页。 节点1： [iyunv@node1 ~]# yum -y install httpd [iyunv@node1 ~]#echo "Wronging now" > /var/www/html/index.html [iyunv@node1 ~]# service httpd start 节点2： [iyunv@node2 ~]# yum -y install httpd [iyunv@node2 ~]#echo "Wronging now" > /var/www/html/index.html [iyunv@node2 ~]# service httpd start 配置节点1和节点2的keepalived的配置文件 [iyunv@node1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
测试：所有real server都出现故障时登陆网页的状况，先把real server 上的web服务全部关掉。 [iyunv@localhost ~]# service httpd stop ##关闭RS1的web服务 Stopping httpd: [ OK ] [iyunv@localhost ~]# service httpd stop ##关闭RS2的web服务 Stopping httpd: [ OK ] 登录网页：
此时如果real service上的web服务又重新启动了，那么此时再访问就会去访问real server 上的web服务器提供的网页 模拟高可用节点坏掉的情境，编辑配置文件使其能够手动关闭其中任意一个高可用节点。[iyunv@node1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
节点2的配置内容和节点1一样，然后从新启动服务 [iyunv@node1 keepalived]# service keepalived restart [iyunv@node2 keepalived]# service keepalived restart 节点1：此时地址在节点1
在/etc/keepalived目录下创建一个名为down的文件 [iyunv@node1 keepalived]# touch down 节点1：
节点2：此时地址已经转移到节点2了
Keepalived支持web服务高可用功能一、这里就用不到real server,分别在两个节点安装web服务，并提供网页。 [iyunv@node1 ~]# service keepalived stop [iyunv@node1 ~]# yum -y install httpd [iyunv@node1 ~]# echo "<h1>node1</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html [iyunv@node1 ~]# service httpd start 测试网页：
[iyunv@node2 ~]# service keepalived stop [iyunv@node2 ~]# yum -y install httpd [iyunv@node2 ~]# echo "<h1>node2</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html [iyunv@node1 ~]# service httpd start 测试网页：
二、编辑节点1的keepalived的配置文件并提供脚本，编辑好后并复制给节点2一份。 [iyunv@node1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { linuxedu@foxmail.com mageedu@126.com } notification_email_from kanotify@magedu.com smtp_connect_timeout 3 smtp_server 127.0.0.1 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_script chk_httpd { script "killall -0 httpd" interval 2 weight -2 fall 2 rise 1 } vrrp_script chk_schedown { script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0" interval 2 weight -2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { interface eth0 state MASTER priority 101 virtual_router_id 51 garp_master_delay 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass password } track_interface { eth0 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.86.1/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0 } track_script { chk_httpd chk_schedown } notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master" notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup" notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault" } 脚本：在/etc/keepalived目录下提供一个名为notify.sh脚本 [iyunv@node1 keepalived]# vim notify.sh #!/bin/bash # Author: MageEdu <linuxedu@foxmail.com> # description: An example of notify script ifalias=${2:-eth0:0} interface=$(echo $ifalias | awk -F: '{print $1}') vip=$(ip addr show $interface | grep $ifalias | awk '{print $2}') #contact='linuxedu@foxmail.com' contact='root@localhost' workspace=$(dirname $0) notify() { subject="$ip change to $1" body="$ip change to $1 $(date '+%F %H:%M:%S')" echo $body | mail -s "$1 transition" $contact } case "$1" in master) notify master exit 0;; backup) notify backup /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart exit 0;; fault) notify fault exit 0;; *) echo 'Usage: $(basename $0) {master|backup|fault}' exit 1;; esac [iyunv@node1 keepalived]# scp keepalived.conf notify.sh node2:/etc/keepalived/ 在节点2修改复制过来的配置文件只需做如下改动。
[iyunv@node1 keepalived]# service keepalived restart [iyunv@node2 keepalived]# service keepalived restart
登录网页：
手动切换主节点到另外一个节点上。 [iyunv@node1 keepalived]# touch down
刷新网页：
只要删除/etc/keepalived目录下的down文件主节点还是会切换到节点以1，到此一个结合脚本来提供web服务的高可用功能的服务就完成了
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