agios系统（6）nagios日常管理维护

tiyna

1、验证Nagios配置文件的正确性

nagios在验证配置文件方面做的非常到位，只需通过一个命令即可完成：/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfgNagios提供的这个验证功能非常有用，在错误信息中通常会打印出错误的配置文件以及文件中的哪一行，这使得nagios的配置变得非常容易，报警信息通常是可以忽略的，因为一般那些只是建议性的。

2、 启动与停止nagios

（1）启动nagiosü通过初始化脚本启动nagios/etc/init.d/nagios start或者Service nagios startü手工方式启动nagios通过nagios命令的“-d”参数来启动nagios守护进程：/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

（2）关闭nagiosü通过初始化脚本关闭nagios服务/etc/init.d/nagios stop或者Service nagios stopü通过kill方式关闭nagioskill <nagios_pid>

（3）重启nagiosü通过初始化脚本来重启nagios/etc/rc.d/init.d/nagios reload/etc/rc.d/init.d/nagios restartü通过web监控页重启nagios

3.nagios性能分析图表

（1）nagios性能分析图表的作用Nagios对服务或主机监控的是一个瞬时状态，有时候系统管理员如果需要了解主机在一段时间内的性能以及服务的响应状态，并且形成图表时，就需要通过查看日志数据来分析，但是这种方式不但繁琐，而且抽象，不过幸运的是,PNP可以帮助我们来完成这个工作。

（2） PNP的概念与安装环境PNP是一个小巧的开源软件包，它基于PHP和PERL，PNP可以利用rrdtool工具将Nagios采集的数据绘制成相关的图表，然后显示主机或者服务在一段时间内的运行状况。PNP官方网站为：http://www.pnp4nagios.org如果要安装PNP，首先需要安装如下环境：1：整合后的apache何PHP环境，需支持GD\zlib\jpeg2：安装rrdtool工具3：安装perl

RRDtool是一个图表生成工具，可以从http://www.mrtg.org/rrdtool/获得信息。这里下载的版本是rrdtool-1.4.5.tar.gz，

安装过程如下：

[iyunv@nagios rrdtool]# tar zxvf rrdtool-1.4.5.tar.gz

[iyunv@nagios rrdtool]# cd rrdtool-1.4.5

[iyunv@nagios rrdtool-1.4.5]# ./configure --perfix=/usr/local/rrdtool

[iyunv@nagios rrdtool-1.4.5]# make

[iyunv@nagios rrdtool-1.4.5]# make install

配置时报错：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool

configure: WARNING:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
* I could not find a working copy of glib-2.0. Check config.log for hints on why
this is the case. Maybe you need to set LDFLAGS and CPPFLAGS appropriately
so that compiler and the linker can find libglib-2.0 and its header files. If
you have not installed glib-2.0, you can get it either from its original home on

ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/glib/2.12/

You can find also find an archive copy on

http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/libs

The last tested version of glib-2.0 is 2.12.12.

      LIBS=-lm  -lwrap
  LDFLAGS=
CPPFLAGS=

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

checking for pango_cairo_context_set_font_options in -lpangocairo-1.0... no
checking for pkg-config... (cached) pkg-config
configure: WARNING:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
* I found a copy of pkgconfig, but there is no pangocairo.pc file around.
You may want to set the PKG_CONFIG_PATH variable to point to its
location.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

configure: WARNING:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
* I could not find a working copy of pangocairo. Check config.log for hints on why
this is the case. Maybe you need to set LDFLAGS and CPPFLAGS appropriately
so that compiler and the linker can find libpangocairo-1.0 and its header files. If
you have not installed pangocairo, you can get it either from its original home on

http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/pango/1.17

You can find also find an archive copy on

http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/libs

The last tested version of pangocairo is 1.17.

      LIBS=-lm  -lwrap
  LDFLAGS=
CPPFLAGS=

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

checking for xmlParseFile in -lxml2... yes
checking libxml/parser.h usability... yes
checking libxml/parser.h presence... yes
checking for libxml/parser.h... yes
configure: error: Please fix the library issues listed above and try again.

解决方法是：

yum install -y glib libpng pixman pango-devel

接着安装PNP，这里下载的版本是pnp-0.4.13.tar.gz，

安装过程如下：[iyunv@nagios pnp]#tar -xvzf pnp-0.4.13.tar.gz

[iyunv@nagios pnp]#cd pnp-0.4.13

[iyunv@nagios pnp-0.4.13]#./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios  --with-nagios-group-nagios  --with-rrdtool=/usr/local/rrdtool/bin/rrdtool  --with-perfdata-dir=/usr/local/nagios/share/perfdata

[iyunv@nagios pnp-0.4.13]#make all

[iyunv@nagios pnp-0.4.13]#make install

[iyunv@nagios pnp-0.4.13]#make install-config

[iyunv@nagios pnp-0.4.13]#make install-init

安装完成，PNP默认文件放置情况如下：General Options:------------------------------------------------

Nagios user/group:        nagios nagios

Install directory:/usr/local/nagios

HTML Dir:/usr/local/nagios/share/pnp

Config Dir:/usr/local/nagios/etc/pnp

Path to rrdtool:/usr/loca/bin/rrdtool (Version 1.4.5)

RRDs Perl Modules:*** NOT FOUND **

RRD Files stored in:/usr/local/nagios/share/perfdata

process_perfdata.pl Logfile:/usr/local/nagios/var/perfdata.log                         Perfdata files (NPCD) stored in:/usr/local/nagios/var/spool/perfdata/

配置pnp

①创建默认配置文件

cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/pnp/

cp process_perfdata.cfg-sample process_perfdata.cfg

cp npcd.cfg-sample npcd.cfg

cp rra.cfg-sample rra.cfg

chown -R nagios:nagios *

②修改process_perfdata.cfg文件

vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/pnp/process_perfdata.cfg   

LOG_FILE = /usr/local/nagios/var/perfdata.log

# Loglevel 0=silent 1=normal 2=debug LOG_LEVEL = 2 这里将日志级别改为2,即为debug模式。

修改nagios配置文件

①增加小太阳标示修改templates.cfg，增加一个定义PNP的hosts和services

define host {

name hosts-pnp

register  0

action_url /nagios/pnp/index.php?host=$HOSTNAME$

process_perf_data   1

}

define service {

name services-pnp

register  0

action_url /nagios/pnp/index.php?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=$SERVICEDESC$

process_perf_data    1

}

②修改nagios.cfg找到如下几项，去掉注释，修改后信息如下：

process_performance_data=1

host_perfdata_command=process-host-perfdata

service_perfdata_command=process-service-perfdata

③修改commands.cfg

# 'process-host-perfdata' command definition

define command{

command_name  process-host-perfdata

command_line /usr/local/nagios/libexec/process_perfdata.pl

}

# 'process-service-perfdata' command definition

define command{

command_name process-service-perfdata

command_line /usr/local/nagios/libexec/process_perfdata.pl

}

④修改hosts.cfg文件和services.cfg文件

define host{

use  linux-server,hosts-pnp

host_name  web

alias ixdba-web

address  192.168.12.251

}

define host{

use  linux-server,hosts-pnp

host_name mysql

alias  ixdba-mysql

address  192.168.12.237

}

define service{

use local-service,services-pnp

host_name mysql

service_description  SSH

check_command  check_ssh

}

define service{

use local-service,services-pnp

host_name  web

service_description  http

check_command  check_http

}

测试PNP功能

所有配置完成之后，重新检查nagios配置文件是否正确，然后重启nagios

/etc/init.d/nagios restart如果配置正确，此时就会生成响应主机的pnp文件[iyunv@nagios web]# pwd

/usr/local/nagios/share/perfdata/web

[iyunv@gaojf web]# lshttp.rrdhttp.xmlPING.rrdPING.xmlSSHD.rrdSSHD.xml

最后打开网页：打开网页http://IP/nagios，选择主机选项，然后点击小太阳就可以看到图表，或者访问http://ip/nagios/pnp也可以直接访问图表信息。

排错

gd及zlib等都已安装，报错截图如下：

重新编译安装php 加上zlib的支持

[iyunv@test1 php-5.2.9]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs  --with-gd --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --enable-sockets

bjghzly

如果恐龙是人，那人是什么？

torlee

做爱做的事，交配交的人。

7007

要是我灌水，就骂我“三个代表”没学好吧。

hege

要是我灌水，就骂我“三个代表”没学好吧。

cheun

不要在一棵树上吊死，在附近几棵树上多试试死几次~

yangcctv

不在放荡中变坏，就在沉默中变态！