原文:
Most of this book will focus on core MongoDB functionality. We'll therefore rely on the MongoDB shell. While the shell is useful to learn as well as being a useful administrative tool, your code will use a MongoDB driver.
This does bring up the first thing you should know about MongoDB: its drivers. MongoDB has a number of official drivers for various languages. These drivers can be thought of as the various database drivers you are probably already familiar with. On top of these drivers, the development community has built more language/framework-specific libraries. For example, NoRM is a C# library which implements LINQ, and MongoMapper is a Ruby library which is ActiveRecord-friendly. Whether you choose to program directly against the core MongoDB drivers or some higher-level library is up to you. I point this out only because many people new to MongoDB are confused as to why there are both official drivers and community libraries - the former generally focuses on core communication/connectivity with MongoDB and the latter with more language and framework specific implementations.
As you read through this, I encourage you to play with MongoDB to replicate what I demon-strate as well as to explore questions that might come up on your own. It's easy to get up and running with MongoDB, so let's take a few minutes now to set things up.
1. Head over to the official download page and grab the binaries from the first row (the recommended stable version) for your operating system of choice. For development purposes, you can pick either 32-bit or 64-bit.
2. Extract the archive (wherever you want) and navigate to the bin subfolder. Don't execute anything just yet, but know that mongod is the server process and mongo is the client shell- these are the two executables we'll be spending most of our time with.
3. Create a new text file in the bin subfolder named mongodb.config
4. Add a single line to your mongodb.config: dbpath=PATH_TO_WHERE_YOU_WANT_TO_STORE_YOUR_DATABASE_F
. For example, on Windows you might do dbpath=c:\mongodb\data and on Linux you might do dbpath=/etc/mongo/data.
5. Make sure the dbpath you specified exists
6. Launch mongod with the --config /path/to/your/mongodb.config parameter.
As an example for Windows users, if you extracted the downloaded file to c:\mongodb\ and you created c:\mongodb\data\ then within c:\mongodb\bin\mongodb.config you would specify dbpath=c:\mongodb\data\. You could then launch mongod from a command prompt via c:\mongodb\bin\mongod --config c:\mongodb\bin\mongodb.config.
Feel free to add the bin folder to your path to make all of this less verbose. MacOSX and Linux users can follow almost identical directions. The only thing you should have to change are the paths.
Hopefully you now have MonogDB up and running. If you get an error, read the output carefully- the server is quite good at explaining what's wrong.
You can now launch mongo (without the d) which will connect a shell to your running server. Try entering db.version() to make sure everything's working as it should. Hopefully you'll see the version number you installed.