centos6.5下postgresql9.4.3同步流复制的standby安装与配置

rgewr2

一、同步流复制的架构
         PostgreSQL从9.1版本之后提供了同步复制的架构。同步复制要求在数据写入Standby数据库后，事务的commit才返回,所以Standby库出现问题时，会导致主库被hang住。解决这个问题的方法是启动两个Standby数据库，这两个standby数据库只要有一个是正常的，就不会让主库hang住。所以在实际应用中，同步流复制，总是有1个主库和2个以上的Standby库。
二、同步复制的配置
         实现同步复制功能主要是在主库上配置参数"synchronous_standby_names",这个参数指定多个Standby的名称,各个名称通过逗号分隔，而Standby名称是在Standby连接到主库时，由连接参数"application_name"指定的。要使用同步复制，在Standby数据库中,recovery.conf
里的primary_conninfo一定要指定连接参数"application_name"。recovery.conf的示例如下:
standby_mode = 'on'
primary_conninfo = 'application_name=standby01 user=repluesr password=XXXXXX host=172.16.0.111 port=5432 sslmode=disable sslcompression=1'
三、系统环境
系统平台：centos6.5
PostgreSQL版本：postgresql9.4.3
防火墙关闭/iptables
selinux设置成

SELINUX=disabled

主机名	IP地址	角色	数据目录
postgresql01	172.16.0.111	主库	/home/postgres/pgsql/data
postgresql02	172.16.0.112	Standby	/home/postgres/pgsql/data
postgresql03	172.16.0.113	Standby	/home/postgres/pgsql/data

四、源码包安装
1、在三台安装依赖包

yum -y install gcc*

yum -y install readline-devel

2、在三台增加用户

# adduser postgres

# passwd postgres

Changing password for user postgres.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic

BAD PASSWORD: is too simple

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

注意：主库安装与配置好后，在把全部的文件拷备到standby中。
以下是主库操作

3. 下载PostgreSQL 源码包

# wget http://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/so ... resql-9.4.3.tar.bz2

4. 解压源码包

# tar xjf postgresql-9.4.3.tar.bz2

5. 进入解压后的目录

# cd postgresql-9.4.3

6.开始编译安装PostgreSQL 数据库。

[iyunv@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# ./configure --prefix=/home/postgres/pgsql

[iyunv@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]#gmake

[iyunv@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# gmake install

7.设置环境
[iyunv@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# cd /home/postgres/
[iyunv@postgresql01 postgres]# ls
pgsql
[iyunv@postgresql01 postgres]# vi .bash_profile

把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin

保存退出。

让环境变量生效

[iyunv@postgresql01 postgres]# source .bash_profile

8.初始化数据库

8.1新建数据目录

[iyunv@postgresql01 postgres]# mkdir /home/postgres/pgsql/data

8.2更改权限

[iyunv@postgresql01 postgres]# chown postgres:postgres /home/postgres/pgsql/data

8.3切换到postgres用户

[iyunv@postgresql01 postgres]# su - postgres

8.4init db

[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ /home/postgres/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /home/postgres/pgsql/data

到这里数据的初始化就完成

9.系统服务

9.1回到root用户

[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ exit

9.2复制安装目录下的linux文件/etc/init.d/

进入postgresql的安装目录
[iyunv@postgresql01 postgres]# cd /root/postgresql-9.4.3/
[iyunv@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# cp contrib/start-scripts/linux /etc/init.d/postgresql

9.3修改/etc/init.d/postgresql  注意：红色是修改部分

[iyunv@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# vi /etc/init.d/postgresql

#! /bin/sh

# chkconfig: 2345 98 02

# description: PostgreSQL RDBMS

# This is an example of a start/stop script for SysV-style init, such

# as is used on Linux systems.  You should edit some of the variables

# and maybe the 'echo' commands.

#

# Place this file at /etc/init.d/postgresql (or

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql) and make symlinks to

#   /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K02postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K02postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K02postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S98postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S98postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgresql

# Or, if you have chkconfig, simply:

# chkconfig --add postgresql

#

# Proper init scripts on Linux systems normally require setting lock

# and pid files under /var/run as well as reacting to network

# settings, so you should treat this with care.

# Original author:  Ryan Kirkpatrick <pgsql@rkirkpat.net>

# contrib/start-scripts/linux

## EDIT FROM HERE

# Installation prefix

prefix=/home/postgres /pgsql

# Data directory

PGDATA="/home/postgres/pgsql/data"

# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres".  (NOT "root")

PGUSER=postgres

# Where to keep a log file

PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"

# It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the

# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because

# of the way it accounts for shared memory).  Setting the OOM_SCORE_ADJ value

# to -1000 will disable OOM kill altogether.  If you enable this, you probably

# want to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0", so that

# individual backends can still be killed by the OOM killer.

#OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-1000

# Older Linux kernels may not have /proc/self/oom_score_adj, but instead

# /proc/self/oom_adj, which works similarly except the disable value is -17.

# For such a system, enable this and compile with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0".

#OOM_ADJ=-17

## STOP EDITING HERE

# The path that is to be used for the script

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

# What to use to start up the postmaster.  (If you want the script to wait

# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.

# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)

DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"

# What to use to shut down the postmaster

PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"

set -e

# Only start if we can find the postmaster.

test -x $DAEMON ||

{

        echo "$DAEMON not found"

        if [ "$1" = "stop" ]

        then exit 0

        else exit 5

        fi

}

# Parse command line parameters.

case $1 in

  start)

        echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "

        test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj

        test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj

        su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1

        echo "ok"

        ;;

  stop)

        echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"

        echo "ok"

        ;;

  restart)

        echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"

        test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj

        test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj

        su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1

        echo "ok"

        ;;

  reload)

        echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"

        echo "ok"

        ;;

status)

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"

        ;;

  *)

        # Print help

        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2

        exit 1

        ;;

esac

exit 0

9.4启动数据库
[iyunv@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start
9.5让数据库开机启动
[iyunv@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# chkconfig --add postgresql
[iyunv@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# chkconfig postgresql on
9.6创建数据操作历史记录文件
[iyunv@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# touch /home/postgres/pgsql/.pgsql_history
[iyunv@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# chown postgres:postgres /home/postgres/pgsql/.pgsql_history
10.测试使用
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ createdb test
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ psql test
psql (9.4.3)
Type "help" for help.

test=#
源码编译安装成功

五、配置同步流复制
配置如下：
1.在主库增加同步的用户名与密码
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ psql -d postgres
psql (9.4.3)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# CREATE ROLE repluser REPLICATION LOGIN PASSWORD 'zhf#2015';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=#

2.在主库postgresql01上进行配置
修改以下参数
在主库的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf中做如下配置：
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ vi /home/postgres/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
增加以下：
host    replication     repluser        172.16.0.0/24           md5
2.在主库postgreso1的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf中设置如下三个参数
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ vi /home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf

isten_addresses = '*'
max_wal_senders = 5  
wal_level = hot_standby

3.在主数据上指定同步复制的Standby名称，在postgresql01的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf增加如下一行：

synchronous_standby_names = 'standby01,standby02'

4.停止主库postgresql
[iyunv@postgresql01 ~]# /etc/init.d/postgresql stop

5.把主库安装文件拷备到两台standby中
[iyunv@postgresql01 ~]# scp -r /home/postgres/pgsql 172.16.0.112:/home/postgres/

[iyunv@postgresql01 ~]# scp -r /home/postgres/pgsql 172.16.0.113:/home/postgres/

[iyunv@postgresql01 ~]# scp -r /etc/init.d/postgresql 172.16.0.112:/etc/init.d/

[iyunv@postgresql01 ~]# scp -r /etc/init.d/postgresql 172.16.0.113:/etc/init.d/

6.在两台standby中设置权限两台都操作如下：
[iyunv@postgresql02 ~]# cd /home/postgres/pgsql/
[iyunv@postgresql02 pgsql]# chown -R postgres:postgres data
[iyunv@postgresql02 pgsql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/postgresql

[iyunv@postgresql02 postgres]# chkconfig --add postgresql
[iyunv@postgresql02 postgres]# chkconfig postgresql on


[iyunv@postgresql03 ~]# cd /home/postgres/pgsql/
[iyunv@postgresql03 pgsql]# chown -R postgres:postgres data
[iyunv@postgresql03 pgsql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/postgresql

[iyunv@postgresql03 postgres]# chkconfig --add postgresql
[iyunv@postgresql03 postgres]# chkconfig postgresql on

7. 在两台standby中设置环境变量两台都操作如下：
[iyunv@postgresql02 pgsql]# cd /home/postgres/

把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin

保存退出。

让环境变量生效：

[iyunv@postgresql02 postgres]# source .bash_profile

[iyunv@postgresql03 pgsql]# cd /home/postgres/

把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin

保存退出。

让环境变量生效：

[iyunv@postgresql03 postgres]# source .bash_profile

8.在备库postgresql02上进行配置

把配置文件拷过来

[iyunv@postgresql02 postgres]# su - postgres

[postgres@postgresql02 ~]$ cd pgsql/data/

[postgres@postgresql02 data]$ cp /home/postgres/pgsql/share/recovery.conf.sample  ./recovery.conf

在postgresql02的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/recovery.conf中的配置“primary_conninfo”里增加 连接参数“appliction_name”,如下：

standby_mode = on

primary_conninfo = 'application_name=standby01 user=repluser password=zhf#2015 host=172.16.0.111 port=5432 sslmode=disable sslcompression=1'

在postgresql02的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf中的配置参数

hot_standby = on  

完成配置后，启动数据库，如下：  

[iyunv@postgresql02 postgres]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start

9.在备库postgresql03上进行配置

把配置文件拷过来

[iyunv@postgresql03 postgres]# su - postgres

[postgres@postgresql03 ~]$ cd pgsql/data/

[postgres@postgresql03 data]$ cp /home/postgres/pgsql/share/recovery.conf.sample  ./recovery.conf

在postgresql03的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/recovery.conf中的配置“primary_conninfo”里增加 连接参数“appliction_name”,如下：

standby_mode = on

primary_conninfo = 'application_name=standby02 user=repluser password=zhf#2015 host=172.16.0.111 port=5432 sslmode=disable sslcompression=1'

在postgresql03的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf中的配置参数

hot_standby = on  

完成配置后，启动数据库，如下：  

[iyunv@postgresql03 postgres]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start

10.启动主库 postgresql01

11.测试在主库中

[postgres@postgresql01 data]$ psql test

psql (9.4.3)

Type "help" for help.

test=# create table test01(id int primary key,note text);

CREATE TABLE

test=# insert into test01 values(1,'1111111');

INSERT 0 1

test=# insert into test01 values(2,'2222222');

INSERT 0 1

在备库查询数据

在备库postgresql02中查看

[postgres@postgresql02 ~]$ psql test

psql (9.4.3)

Type "help" for help.

test=# select * from test01;

id |  note   

----+---------

  1 | 1111111

  2 | 2222222

(2 rows)

test=#

在备库postgresql03中查看

[iyunv@postgresql03 postgres]# su - postgres

[postgres@postgresql03 ~]$ psql test

psql (9.4.3)

Type "help" for help.

test=# select * from test01;

id |  note   

----+---------

  1 | 1111111

  2 | 2222222

(2 rows)

test=#